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Types of diabetes

Diabeis Sugar and its types

Diabetes is a disease of the endocrine system related to pathological changes in hormonal and malnutrition of metabolic processes.

So far, the disease cannot be removed (completely liquidated).May slow down the body's destruction through dietary drugs and therapy, but cannot stop it and start in the opposite direction.

The main symptom of the disease is the chronic increase of blood sugar.The causes and nature of the disease process are different, so it is divided into many types.

Types of diabetes (SD) are determined by the World Health Organization and there is no basic difference in the entire health world.Diabetes of any type does not apply to infectious diseases.

TIP of pathology

There are several types of diseases unified by a main sign - increasing blood glucose concentration.The typing of diabetes is due to the cause.The patient's therapeutic, gender and age methods are also happening.

Types of diabetes are accepted in medicine:

  • The first type is insulin dependence (ISD 1) or adolescence;
  • The second is depending on insulin (Inzsd 2) or insulin -Resistant;
  • Mellitus diabetes (HSD) during the period of women;
  • Other specific types of diabetes, including:
  • damage to the cells of the pancreas at the genetic level (diverse of Mody diabetes);
  • The pathology of the pancreatic extension function;
  • Genetic and infected diseases of external excretory glands and their functions (endocrine diseases);
  • Pharmacological caused by diabetes;
  • Diabetes is the result of congenital infections;
  • SD related to genetic and genetic defects;
  • Glycemia violations (blood sugar) when hungry and violated glucose tolerance.

Pre -dibet is the border state of the body, when the level of glycemia is changed in the direction of increasing (tumbling Sai Glucose), however, blood sugar indicators do not achieve the commonly accepted digital values corresponding to real diabetes.According to the World Health Organization (WHO 2014), more than 90% of the endocrinologists have the second disease.

According to health statistics, the trend of increasing the number of patients is clearly searched worldwide.Over the past 20 years, the number of type 2 diabetics has doubled.GSD accounts for about 5% of pregnancy.The specific types of diabetes are extremely rare and account for a small percentage in medical statistics.

In terms of gender links of InzSD 2, it is more common in women during pre -production and menopause.This is due to the change in hormonal status and a collection of additional pounds.In men, the development of type 2 diabetes is often chronic inflammation of the pancreatic gland, due to the toxic effect of ethanol.

Diabetes dependent insulin (1 type)

Type 1 diabetes are characterized by the helplessness of pancreatic cells.The agency does not perform its endocrine function (internal organs) to produce insulin - a hormone responsible for providing the body with glucose.Due to the accumulation of glucose in the blood, the organs do not receive adequate nutrition, including the pancreas.

To simulate the natural production of endocrine hormones, the patient is prescribed by injecting medical insulin with different temporary (short and long) time, as well as treatment with diet.The first type of diabetes classification is determined by many different causes of the disease.Insulin -dependent diseases have two causes: genetic and autoimmune.

Genetic reason

The formation of pathology is associated with the biological characteristics of the human body to convey its characteristic characteristics and pathological deviations to the next generation.Regarding diabetes, the child inherits the tendency of the disease from parents or relatives with diabetes.

Important!A trend is inherited, but not a disease.100% guarantee for the development of diabetes without children.

Auto immunity reasons

The occurrence of the disease is due to the failure of the function of the immune system, when, under the influence of negative factors, it proactively creates autoimmune antibodies to destroy body cells.Triggers (Impetus) are used to launch autoimmune processes:

  • Unhealthy food behavior combined with hypoglycemia;
  • Failure of metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid and protein);
  • Important deficiencies in the body of cholegalciferol and ergocalciferol (vitamin group D);
  • Pancreatic pathology is chronic;
  • The presence in Anamnesis of mumps disease (pig), measles, Herpes Koksaki virus, Epstein-Barra virus, Cytomegalovirus, hepatitis A, B, C;
  • Suffering (prolonged in a state of mental stress);
  • chronic alcoholism;
  • Incorrect treatment for hormones -It contains medical drugs.

ISSD was established in children, teenagers and adults under the age of thirty.The children's version of the development of diabetes sample 1A is related to complex virus infection.Model 1B occurs in young people and children in the context of autoimmune and genetic trends.The disease, as prescribed, developed in a mandatory regime for a few weeks or months.

Insulin diabetes (type 2)

The difference between the second and first type of diabetes is that the pancreas does not prevent insulin synthesis.Glucose is concentrated in the blood and is not transferred to the body's cells and tissue due to lack of insulin -resistant sensitivity - insulin.Until a certain time, the treatment is performed through hypoglycemic drugs (sugar) and diet therapy.

To compensate for the imbalance in the body, the pancreas activates the production of hormones.Working in emergency regime, the agency wears down over time and loss of internal function.Type 2 diabetes turn into insulin dependent.The reduction or loss of cell sensitivity to endogenous hormones is mainly related to obesity in which fat metabolism and carbohydrates are disturbed.

This is especially true for visceral obesity (deposited fat around the internal organs).In addition, with excess body weight, blood flow is very difficult due to many cholesterol patches inside the vessels, formed with increased blood hypertension, always accompanied by obesity.Therefore, the cells of the body undergo a shortage of nutrients and energy sources.Other factors affecting the development of InzsD include:

  • Alcohol abuse;
  • Food addiction for sweet dishes;
  • chronic pancreatic disease;
  • The disease of the heart and blood vessel system;
  • carefree in food on the basis of sedentary lifestyle;
  • Incorrect hormone therapy;
  • complicated pregnancy;
  • genetics of dysfunction (diabetes in parents);
  • Anguished.

Typically, the disease develops in women and men in their 40s.In this case, diabetes of the second type is hidden in nature and may not show significant symptoms for several years.Timely testing for blood sugar can detect money for diabetes.With full therapy, the state of disease can be reversed.If time is lost, progresses and then diagnoses InzSD.

Lada diabetes

In medicine, the term diabetes 1.5 1.5 is found, or named Lada diabetes.This is an autoimmune violation for the production of hormones and the incidents of metabolic processes that occur in adults (at the age of 25+).The disease combines the first and second diabetes.The development mechanism corresponds to ISD, the hidden course and the expression of symptoms similar to InzSD.

Activated factors for the development of pathology are autoimmune diseases in the history of the patient:

  • Inflammation does not infect the interatorebral joints (joint spondylitis);
  • An inverted disease of the central nervous system - multiple sclerosis;
  • Granulitis disease of the digestive tract (Crohn's disease);
  • Chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland (Hashimoto thyroiditis);
  • Adolescent arthritis and rheumatism;
  • change color (loss of pigmentation) of the skin (lymphatic disease);
  • Inflammatory disease of colon mucosa (ulcerative colitis);
  • Chronic damage to connective tissue and glands of external excretion (Shegren syndrome).

Combined with a genetic tendency, autoimmune disorders lead to the progression of Lada diabetes.To identify the disease, the basic diagnostic methods are used, as well as blood microscopes, determine the concentration of immunosuppressants of the IgG layer for other antigens (immune analysis).Therapy is done through regular insulin injection and nutrition adjustment.

The form of pregnancy of the disease

GSD is a specific type of diabetes developed in women in the second half of the period of birth.The disease is most commonly detected during the screening process according to the second plan, when the future mother undergo a full test.The main feature of GSD coincides with type 2 diabetes - this is insulin resistance.Cells of a pregnant woman's body losing contact (sensitivity) with insulin due to the correlation of three main reasons:

  • Hormonal restructuring.During pregnancy, the synthesis of progesterone (steroid gender hormone) prevents insulin production.In addition, the hormonal hormones of the placenta are gaining power, with insulin production inhibitors.
  • Double the load on the female body.To ensure the adequate nutrition of the unexpected child, the body requires an increased amount of glucose.A woman began to use more monosacarides, forcing the pancreas to synthesize more insulin.
  • The increase in body weight against reducing physical activity.Glucose, abundant into the body, is accumulated in the blood, because cells refuse to perceive insulin due to obesity and lower blood pressure.Mother and future fruit in such a situation is lacking in nutrients and hunger.

Unlike the first and second type, gestational diabetes is a reversible process, because insulin molecules and the function of the pancreas are preserved.

Treatment tactics are properly selected to ensure the elimination of diseases after birth in 85% of cases.The main treatment method of GDC is a diet for diabetics "Table 9".In difficult cases, medical insulin injections are used.The drugs that win Sahabro are not used due to their teratogenic effects on the fetus.

Besides

Specific types of diabetes are defined in genetics (mody-daume, some hormonal diseases) or stimulated by other chronic diseases:

  • Pancreatic disease: pancreatitis, hemochromatosis, tumors, cystic fibrosis, mechanical trauma and gland surgery;
  • Failure of the front lobe of the pituitary gland (Acromegaly);
  • Increased thyrotoxicosis;
  • Lowering the area-the-enlightenment (ICECO-CUSHING syndrome);
  • The tumors of the adrenal shell (Aldosteror, Pheochromocytoma, etc.).

Diabetes separately - diabetes is not not characterized by the hypothalamus production of hypothalamus of vasopressin, adjusting the balance of liquid in the body.

Diagnostic measures

Diagnosis of diagnostic diabetes (any type) can only be based on the results of the microscope in the laboratory of the blood.The diagnosis includes a number of consistent studies:

  • A general clinical blood test to identify hidden inflammatory processes in the body.
  • A blood test (capillary or vein) for glucose content.It is strictly produced when hungry.
  • GTT (Glucosotolerant test).It is done to determine the body's ability to absorb glucose.A tolerance test is a blood barrier twice: when hungry and two hours after glucostrole load, its role is the water glucose solution prepared at 200 ml of 75 grams of water.Matter.
  • Analysis of HBA1C to glycosylated (glycated) hemoglobin.Based on the research results, a recovery process in the past three months was evaluated.
  • Biochemistry of blood.The indicators of the liver enzymes of Aspartateaminotransferase (AST), Alanineine-Orgrase (ALT), Alpha-Amylase, Phosphatase Alkaline (SCF), Bilirubin (bile pigment), cholesterol levels are evaluated.
  • A blood test for antibody concentration with glutamatdecarboxylase (GAD antibody) identifies diabetes.

Reference value of blood sugar and disease indicators

Analysis Sugar Check Gluczotolerant Hemoglobin glycated
rated 3.3 - 5.5 <7,8 ⩽ 6%
Prediabet 5.6 - 6.9 7.8 - 11.0 From 6 to 6.4%
diabetes >7.1 >11.1 More than 6.5%

In addition to blood microscopy, an analysis of urine generals for the presence of glucose in urine (urinary glycos) is studied.In healthy people, there is no urine in diabetes patients, 0.061 - 0.083 mmol/l is considered a allowed norm).The referee is also made to determine the albumin protein in urine and the protein exchange of creatinine.In addition, the diagnosis of the hardware is prescribed, including ECG (ECG) and the ultrasound of the abdominal cavity (with the kidney).

Result

Modern medicine classifies diabetes in four basic types, depending on the pathogenesis (origin and development) of the disease: Insulin dependence (ISSD 1 type), depending on insulin (Inzsd 2 type), pregnancy (GSD of pregnant women), specifically (diabetes including some types of genetic diseases).Diabetes hurriedly formed during the period of birth is healing.The status of Pre -Dia -Dia (glucose tolerance violation) is considered to be reversed in reverse.